Covid-19 health and safety guidance for businesses

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Covid-19 health and safety guidance for businesses

Health and safety guidance to help businesses operate safely during Covid-19

Topics covered
National lockdown: Stay at Home
Covid-19 - Accidents and reporting	Cleaning and disinfection
Covid-19 Secure business sector guidance	Keeping records of staff, customers and visitors
Other sector guidance	PPE (gloves, aprons, face masks)
Risk assessment for coronavirus	Hospitality
Screening/barriers in the premises	Signage in the premises
Social distancing by business sector	Toilets
Queuing and shopping	Use of fitting rooms
Returns and donations in shops	Handling cash
Food safety guidance for businesses	Making your workplace Covid-Secure
Legionella	Face covering
Reporting an outbreak of Covid-19	Events
Local Covid alert levels	Ventilation and air conditioning
I have a question or need to report a concern

National lockdown restrictions

What you can and cannot do during the national lockdown

Further guidance:

COVID-19 Tier guidance from GOV.UK
Full guidance on what you can and cannot do in each Tier
Find out what support you can get. For example, if you are out of work, need to get food, or want to take care of your mental health.

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Accidents

When to make a RIDDOR report because of coronavirus (COVID-19)

You only need to make a report under RIDDOR (The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013) if:

an unintended incident at work has led to someone’s possible or actual exposure to Coronavirus. This must be reported as a dangerous occurrence
a worker has been diagnosed as having COVID-19 and there is reasonable evidence that it was caused by exposure at work. This must be reported as a case of disease
A worker dies because of occupational exposure to coronavirus. This must be reported the enforcing authority without delay.

Make a RIDDOR report online

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Cleaning and disinfection by business sector (before and during opening)

Cleaning guidance for businesses can be found in the guides that the Government has issued for different business sectors. Each guide outlines the steps that will usually need to be taken before businesses reopen (keeping the workplace, shop etc clean) and with regard to hygiene (handwashing, sanitation facilities and toilets):

Further guidance:

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Covid-19 Secure business sector guidance

The Government has published documents covering different business sectors setting out what small business owners can do to ensure their businesses protect employees and customers against Covid-19. They call this being 'Covid-19 secure' and small businesses can display badging that they have followed the guidance. Businesses must display the official NHS QR code posters so that customers can check-in at different premises using this option as an alternative to providing their contact details. The business sectors covered are:

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Other sector guidance

Maintaining records of staff, customers and visitors (for Test and Trace purposes) Please note important changes to guidance - From 18 September 2020 it is mandatory for certain businesses to have a system to collect NHS Test and Trace data and keep this for 21 days. Core COVID-19 Secure requirements will be mandated for hospitality businesses, and egregious breaches enforced. Full details
Venues required by law to record contact details (for Test and Trace purposes) Please note important changes to guidance - From 18 September 2020 it is mandatory for certain businesses to have a system to collect NHS Test and Trace data and keep this for 21 days. Core COVID-19 Secure requirements will be mandated for hospitality businesses, and egregious breaches enforced. Full details
Multi-purpose community facilities
Places of worship
Playgrounds and outdoor gyms
Guidance for managing a funeral
Wedding and civil partnership receptions and celebrations

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Hospitality

Government guidance is available for the hospitality industry:

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Face coverings in the workplace

Health and safety law requires that the best methods to control the spread of the virus are implemented as a priority before looking at other, potentially less safe options.

The best way of reducing the risk of catching or passing on Coronavirus is to avoid situations where you are closer than two metres to another person and, if you have to be that close, this should be kept to an absolute minimum.

Premises where face coverings are required should take reasonable steps to promote compliance with the law. The police can take measures if members of the public do not comply with this law without a valid exemption and transport operators can deny access to their public transport services if a passenger is not wearing a face covering, or direct them to wear one or leave a service. If necessary, the police and Transport for London (TfL) officers have enforcement powers including issuing fines.

Face coverings are not a replacement for the other ways of managing risk, including minimising time spent in contact, using fixed teams, partnering for close-up work and increasing hand and surface washing. These other measures remain the best ways of managing risk in the workplace and government would therefore not expect to see employers relying on face coverings as risk management for the purpose of their health and safety assessments.

Businesses must remind people to wear face coverings where mandated.

When you need to wear a face covering, you should:

wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds or use hand sanitiser before putting a face covering on and after removing it
when wearing a face covering, avoid touching your face or face covering, as you could contaminate them with germs from your hands
change your face covering if it becomes damp or if you’ve touched it
continue to wash your hands regularly
change and wash your face covering daily
if the material is washable, wash in line with the manufacturer’s instructions. If it’s not washable, dispose of it carefully in your usual waste
store used, washable, face coverings in a plastic bag until you have an opportunity to wash them
if possible, wash your face after removing the face covering
practise social distancing wherever possible
be prepared to remove your face covering if asked to do so for the purposes of identification

If your business has taken steps in line with the Health and Safety Executive’s guidance for Covid-19 secure workplaces, to create a physical barrier between workers and members of the public, then staff behind the barrier will not be required to wear a face covering. For other indoor settings, employers should assess the use of face coverings on a case by case basis, depending on the workplace environment, other appropriate mitigations they have put in place, and whether reasonable exemptions apply. Visors may not be used in place of an appropriate face covering. The government guidance on face coverings does not allow the option of wearing a visor or face shield instead.

Guidance:

Working safely during Coronavirus - shops and branches

Face coverings in public

There are some places where you must wear a face covering by law. Different rules exist in different parts of the UK. In the context of the Covid-19 outbreak, a face covering is something which safely covers the nose and mouth. You can buy reusable or single-use face coverings. You may also use a scarf, bandana, religious garment or hand-made cloth covering but these must securely fit round the side of the face. Visors may not be used in place of an appropriate face covering. The government guidance on face coverings does not allow the option of wearing a visor or face shield instead. In England, you must wear a face covering in the following indoor settings:

Public transport (aeroplanes, trains, trams and buses)
Taxis and private hire vehicles
Transport hubs (airports, rail and tram stations and terminals, maritime ports and terminals, bus and coach stations and terminals)
Shops and supermarkets (places which offer goods or services for retail sale or hire)
Shopping centres (malls and indoor markets)
Auction houses
Premises providing hospitality (bars, pubs, restaurants, cafes), except when seated at a table to eat or drink (there are certain exemptions)
Post offices, banks, building societies, high-street solicitors and accountants, credit unions, short-term loan providers, savings clubs and money service businesses
Estate and lettings agents
Theatres
Premises providing personal care and beauty treatments (hair salons, barbers, nail salons, massage centres, tattoo and piercing parlours)
Premises providing veterinary services
Visitor attractions and entertainment venues (museums, galleries, cinemas, theatres, concert halls, cultural and heritage sites, aquariums, indoor zoos and visitor farms, bingo halls, amusement arcades, adventure activity centres, indoor sports stadiums, funfairs, theme parks, casinos, skating rinks, bowling alleys, indoor play areas including soft-play areas)
Libraries and public reading rooms
Places of worship
Funeral service providers (funeral homes, crematoria and burial ground chapels)
Community centres, youth centres and social clubs
Exhibition halls and conference centres
Public areas in hotels and hostels
Storage and distribution facilities

You are expected to wear a face covering before entering any of these settings and must keep it on until you leave unless there is a reasonable excuse for removing it. More detailed advice on the application of these requirements in different settings can be found in the Government’s guidance for working safely.

You should also wear a face covering in indoor places not listed here where social distancing may be difficult and where you will come into contact with people you do not normally meet.

Face coverings are needed in NHS settings, including hospitals and primary or community care settings, such as GP surgeries. They are also advised to be worn in care homes.

The Department for Education has updated its guidance on the use of face coverings for schools and other education institutions that teach people in Years 7 and above in England. There are some exemptions and circumstances where people may not be able to wear a face covering.

In settings where face coverings are required in England there are some circumstances where people may not be able to wear a face covering. Please be mindful and respectful of such circumstances. Some people are less able to wear face coverings, and the reasons for this may not be visible to others. This includes (but is not limited to):

children under the age of 11 (Public Health England does not recommend face coverings for children under the age of 3 for health and safety reasons)
people who cannot put on, wear or remove a face covering because of a physical or mental illness or impairment, or disability
where putting on, wearing or removing a face covering will cause you severe distress
if you are speaking to or providing assistance to someone who relies on lip reading, clear sound or facial expressions to communicate
to avoid harm or injury, or the risk of harm or injury, to yourself or others ‒ including if it would negatively impact on your ability to exercise or participate in a strenuous activity
police officers and other emergency workers, given that this may interfere with their ability to serve the public

There are also scenarios when you are permitted to remove a face covering:

If asked to do so in a bank, building society, or post office for identification
If asked to do so by shop staff or relevant employees for identification, for assessing health recommendations (for example by a pharmacist) or for age identification purposes, including when buying age restricted products such as alcohol
If required in order to receive treatment or services, for example when getting a facial
In order to take medication
If you are delivering a sermon or prayer in a place of worship
If you are the persons getting married in a relevant place
If you are aged 11 to 18 attending a faith school and having lessons in a place of worship as part of your core curriculum
If you are undertaking exercise or an activity and it would negatively impact your ability to do so
If you are an elite sports person, professional dancer or referee acting in the course of your employment
When seated to eat or drink in a hospitality premise such as a pub, bar, restaurant or cafe. You must put a face covering back on once you finish eating or drinking

The government’s guidance for keeping workers and customers safe during COVID-19 in restaurants, pubs, bars and takeaway services clearly advises that designated indoor seating areas for customers to eat or drink should at this time only be open for table service, where possible, alongside additional infection control measures.

Guidance:

Face coverings: when to wear one, exemptions and how to make your own

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Your business and Legionella risk

When buildings reopen after lockdown, it is essential that water systems are not put back into use without considering the risks of Legionnaires’ disease. There is an increased risk of waterborne pathogens such as Legionella bacteria being present because of the conditions that the lockdown may have created. Guidance has been specially written by the CIEH for businesses so that they know about the risk and what to do about it before reopening their business. If your business is or has been required to close for any period of time, please ensure you make plans to carry out regular checks and flushes of the system to prevent Legionella.

Guidance:

Legionella guidance from the Chartered Institute for Environmental Health

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PPE (gloves, aprons, face masks)

If your existing risk assessment has identified that PPE e.g. disposable gloves, aprons, eye protection is required, continue to use it as normal but if your risk assessment for coronavirus (COVID-19) identifies a specific need for additional or different PPE, it is important that it is acted on

Generally, the people who will have to wear Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE) are those who work in high risk setting such as health and residential care. In these settings FFP3 respirators should be used when caring for patients, or in areas where high risk aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) are being performed.

If your risk assessment for coronavirus (COVID-19) identifies that RPE is necessary, it is important that it is of a suitable type and staff have been trained in how to wear and use it. Only purchase RPE from reputable and trusted suppliers to help avoid the purchase of unsafe/counterfeit products.

Guidance:

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Risk assessment for coronavirus - practical points to consider

Employers and self-employed people need to carry out a risk assessment to identify what needs to be done to protect workers and others from the risk of coronavirus. When carrying out the risk assessment you need to:

identify what work activity or situations might cause transmission of the virus
identify who could be at risk
decide how likely it is that someone could be exposed
act to remove the activity or situation that places someone at risk, or if this is not possible, identify what can be done to control the risk

If you have fewer than five employees, you do not have to write anything down, but it is good practice if you do.

The Government Better Business For All (a partnership between business and regulatory bodies) has created their Covid-19 Toolkit - considerations for restarting your business safely.

Guidance:

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Screening/barriers in the premises

At counters and workstations where it is not always possible to maintain social distancing, then consider using screens. Any screen that is used, needs to be of suitable size (height and width) to provide an effective barrier between people. Screens also need to be securely fixed. It is important that where screens are used, they are regularly sanitised.

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Signage in the premises

Signs at entrances and at appropriate locations in a premises can help people understand what they need to do to maintain their own and others safety whilst in a premises. A Workplace Risk Assessment for coronavirus (COVID-19) can help to identify what signs are needed and where to place them. Businesses will need to display the official NHS QR code posters so that customers can check-in at different premises using this option as an alternative to providing their contact details. Create a Coronavirus NHS QR code for your premises.

Examples of free to use signs:

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Social distancing - customers, visitors and contractors

The aim is to maintain wherever possible 2m social distancing and to minimise the need for contact with people to who are not employed by the business. This will include customers, contractors, maintenance, and delivery people.

Social Distancing - what you can and can't do

Social distancing by business sector - staff

The aim in the workplace is to maintain 2m social distancing wherever possible, including while arriving at and departing from work, while in work and when travelling between sites.

Where the social distancing guidelines cannot be followed in full, businesses should consider if the activity must happen for the business to operate. If it is necessary, action will need to be taken to reduce the risk of transmission between staff. For detailed information please refer to the appropriate business sector guidance:

Other guidance on social distancing

Staying alert and safe social distancing
Working safely during coronavirus Covid-19
Customer notice – social distancing poster - To help retailers and shops with their preparations for reopening, we have produced a 'customer notice - social distancing poster' that can be used to explain to customers how you will be operating in accordance with Government guidance and good practice. We suggest that if you use the poster that it is displayed at the entrance(s) of your premises where it can be read by customers before they go in. The poster is free to download and print off. If you are a food or retail business operating in East Suffolk and would like a printed copy of the full colour poster, or you need any help or support, please contact our Food and Safety team. The poster is available free of charge in size A3 and A4.
Meeting people from outside your household
Create a Coronavirus NHS QR code for your premises
Visiting arrangements in care homes

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Toilets

There is no specific government guidance on toilets yet but guidance can be found under Cleaning and disinfection by business sector (before and during opening).

Think about:

setting clear use and cleaning guidance for toilets to ensure they are kept clean and social distancing is achieved as much as possible (including queuing)
cleaning toilets regularly, especially frequently touched objects and surfaces, such as WCs, toilet tissue dispensers, washbasins, urinals, cubicle and toilet entrances, door handles, hand dryers, soap dispensers, sanitary waste dispensers and vanity shelves
using signs and posters to build awareness of good hand washing technique and the need to increase hand washing frequency
making sure there is plenty of soap available

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Queuing and shopping

Shops and branches need to ensure that social distancing for customers is managed as part of their business.

Government guidance says that retailers can use outside premises for queuing where safe and not causing a risk to individuals and other businesses. This also means that businesses can work with the local authority or landlord to take into account the impact of queuing on public spaces such as high streets and public car parks.

Shopping centres should take responsibility for regulating the number of customers in the centre and the queuing process in communal areas on behalf of their retail. This could include working with neighbouring businesses and local authorities to consider how to manage the number of people in public areas whilst still ensuring social distancing and avoid overcrowding in peak times. However, shoppers and the public should be reminded that it is also their responsibility to maintain social distancing when queuing.

Guidance:

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Fitting Rooms

The use of fitting rooms is problematical because they are difficult to clean between use. Government guidance says that fitting rooms should be closed wherever possible, given the challenges in operating them safely. Where fitting rooms are essential, for example to support key workers buying critical protective clothing, they should be cleaned very frequently, typically between each use.

Guidance also says that handling of shop items should be kept to a minimum and that all interactions between staff and customers should be undertaken in such a way as to enable social distancing to take place.

Guidance:

Working safely during coronavirus (COVID-19) - fitting rooms

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Managing returned or donated items to a shop or branch

Government guidance says that stores should limit customer handling of merchandise, for example, through different display methods, new signage or rotation of high-touch stock.

However, items will be returned to shops, charity shops will receive donated items and some shops may receive items for repair. The guidance says that the store could set up ‘no contact’ return procedures where customers take return goods to a designated area. These returned or donated items should be stored in a container or separate room for 72 hours. The items should then be cleaned with usual cleaning products before display on the shop floor. Materials used for cleaning can be disposed of normally.

Guidance:

Working safely during Coronavirus - handling goods, merchandise and other materials

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Handling cash in stores

The Government is encouraging stores to use contactless payment where possible and for staff to avoid handling items as much as possible. However not all customers are able to pay with cards and sometimes cash will need to be handled. If staff are not able to wash their hands after handling cash then hand sanitiser can be used. There are no specific guidelines for handling cash but guidance states that handwashing after handling items will help prevent spread of Covid-19. This procedure should be in the employer’s risk assessment needed to ensure protection of staff.

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Making your workplace Covid-Secure

The UK Government has lots of guidance for businesses to help them ensure they are Covid-Secure.

Working safely during coronavirus(COVID-19)

This encourages businesses to carry out a risk assessment and helps to identify the workplace adjustments that they should make. Employers have the legal responsibility to protect their employees and other people on site, such as customers and visitors. The guidance will help businesses to easily find out what they should do. Employees can also use this to check what their workplace needs to do to keep people safe.

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Events

Certain organisations, such as businesses and charities, are permitted to run events on commercial or public land. There are still restrictions on what type of event can take place and all events must comply with existing licensing and health and safety law.

If the number of persons involved in the event is restricted to 499 people, you will be able to operate under a temporary event notice (TEN) but if you are proposing a larger event it would need a full premises licence which involves a significantly longer application process.

In order for the event to operate safely it must be run in accordance with the relevant guidance to control the spread of Coronavirus and also comply with all the other health and safety requirements under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974:

You will need the landowner’s permission so if you are intending to use East Suffolk Council land you will need to apply for an event on council land. Part of that application will require you to submit an event management plan and risk assessment which will be passed to the Safety Advisory Group for them to consider. They will contact you if there are any issues that the group feels require addressing to ensure the event is managed safely.

Guide on how to produce an event management plan

It is recommended that you contact us to engage with the East Suffolk Safety Advisory Group (SAG) at the early stages of your planning. SAG will review plans for events that are perceived to pose a significant risk either due to the size, type location etc of events, to allow the relevant regulatory agencies (police, fire, ambulance, local authority etc) to gain intelligence prior to any event, to allow for emergency planning and advise each other on any areas of concern. SAG will liaise with Suffolk County Council Public Health department, if there are concerns about the transmission of Coronavirus associated with the event. The group will also advise the event organiser (duty holder) of ways in which they can manage the event safely.

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Ventilation and air conditioning during the Covid-19 pandemic

The law requires employers to ensure an adequate supply of fresh air in the workplace and this has not changed during the pandemic. Good ventilation, together with social distancing, keeping your workplace clean and frequent handwashing, can help reduce the risk of spreading coronavirus. Good ventilation reduces the concentration of the virus in the air and therefore reduces the risks from airborne transmission. This happens when people breathe in small particles (aerosols) in the air after someone with the virus has occupied an enclosed area. However, ventilation will have little or no impact on droplet or contact transmission routes.

Providing adequate ventilation does not mean that workplaces have to be cold. Good ventilation is a balance between making sure workplaces are warm but keeping a flow of air going through an area. Simple steps, such as partially opening windows, can be taken to ensure ventilation is maintained. Natural ventilation can be used with heating systems to maintain a reasonable temperature in the workplace. The more people occupying an area that is poorly ventilated, and the longer they remain in it, the greater the risk of transmission. Singing, shouting and aerobic activities generate higher levels of aerosol and increase the risk further, so consider these factors when ensuring you have adequate ventilation. The following guidelines can help you improve ventilation in your workplace depending on the existing ventilation you have:

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation can be provided through open windows, or through other means such as vents. However, fire doors should not be propped open. It is important not to completely close windows and doors when the area is occupied as this can result in very low levels of ventilation.

Lower temperatures and likely windy weather conditions in the winter months will increase the natural ventilation through openings. This means you don’t need to open windows and doors as wide, so partially opening them can still provide adequate ventilation while maintaining a comfortable workplace temperature. Opening higher-level windows is likely to generate fewer draughts. Airing rooms as frequently as you can will help improve ventilation. This involves opening all doors and windows wide to maximise the ventilation in the room. It may be easier to do this when the room is unoccupied or between uses. If the area is still cold you could relax dress codes so people can wear extra layers and warmer clothing. Fan convector heaters can be used provided the area is well ventilated, but they should not be used in poorly ventilated areas.

Mechanical ventilation (including air conditioning)

Mechanical ventilation brings fresh air into a building and can include air conditioning and/or heating. Systems that provide both heating and air conditioning are known as heating and ventilation air conditioning (HVAC). To help reduce the risk:

continue using most types of mechanical ventilation as normal and set them to maximise fresh air and minimise recirculation
consider extending the operating times of HVAC systems to before and after people use work areas
make sure mechanical systems are maintained in line with manufacturer's instructions

Recirculating air

Mechanical systems supplying individual rooms where recirculation modes allow higher rates of supply of fresh air to be provided to an area, should be allowed to operate. If you use a centralised ventilation system that circulates air to different rooms, it is recommended that you turn off recirculation and use a fresh air supply. Recirculation units for heating and cooling that do not draw in a supply of fresh air can remain in operation provided there is a supply of outdoor air, for example windows and doors left open. Recirculation units (including air conditioning) can mask poor ventilation as they just make an area more comfortable.

Fans and air cleaning units

Desk or ceiling fans can be used provided the area is well ventilated but they should not be used in poorly ventilated areas.

Local air cleaning and filtration units can be used to reduce airborne transmission where it isn’t possible to maintain adequate ventilation. Filtration systems, high-efficiency filters and ultraviolet-based devices are the most suitable types to use. They should be the correct size for the area they are being used in.

Ventilation in vehicles

Switch ventilation systems on while people are in the vehicle and set to drawing fresh air in, and not recirculating air. To improve ventilation, windows can also be opened (partially if it’s cold). Heating should also be left on to keep the vehicle warm. For vehicles that carry different passengers, such as taxis, clear the air between different passengers so the vehicle is aired before anyone else gets in. Opening doors where it is safe to do so will help to change air quickly. Opening windows fully for a few minutes can also help to clear the air in the vehicle.

Guidance:

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Additional information

If you didn’t find the answer to your query within this information, additional guidance can be found on the Gov.uk website.

Alternatively, you can complete a brief enquiry form to inform us what further guidance you need or what concerns you wish to report. We will try and contact you within 7 working days or sooner wherever possible.

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